LDC Farsi Transliteration Schema


A) consonants:
b(beh)-p(peh)-t(teh-tein)-s(theh-seen-sad)-j(jeem)-CH(tcheh)-h(heh-hAh)-KH(KHeh)
-d(dal)-z(thal-zeh-zein-Dad)-r(reh)-ZH(jeh)-SH(sheen)-/'/(ein-hamza)-GH(ghein-gh
af)-k(kaf)-g(gaf)-l(lam)-m(meem)-n(noon)-v(waw)-y(yeh).  

B) vowels:in Persian script three vowels (a,e,o) will not be shown but
(A-u-i-ow) could be.

C) Persian symbols, the symbols selected for Persian script

 The consonant: /b/=(beh), /p/=(peh), /t/=(teh), /c/=(theh), /j/=(jeem),
/C/=(ycheh), /H/=(hah), /K/=(khah), /d/=(dal), /x/=(thal), /r/=(reh),
/z/=(zeh), /X/=(jeh), /s/=(seen), /J/=sheen, /S/=sad), /D/=(dad),
/T/=(tein), /Z/=(zein), /E/=(ein), /G/=ghain, /f/=feh), /q/=ghaf),
/k/=(kaf), /g/=(gaf), /l/=(lam), /m/=(meem), /n/=(noon), /W/=waw,
/h/=(heh), /y/=Yeh.

  There are some other symbols chosen for Arabic words. They
are: e(alef with hamza above),v(wAw with hamza above),R(teh
marbuteh),F(shadda),L(fathatAn),I(yeh with smAll alef),M(hamza).

D) Persian places of articulation or distinctive features of the
consonants and vowels:

 b [beh] b bilabial occlusive  voiced [b] & final devoiced [b.].
 
 p [peh] p  bilabial occlusive explosive aspirated voiceless /p/.[ph]

 t [teh] t  apico-dental occlusive aspirated voiceless [t] & final 
            devoiced [t.] 
 c [theh] s fricative occlusive gingival sibilant  voiceless [c].

 j [jeem] j fricative occlusive gingival palatal voiced [j].

 C [tcheh] CH fricative occlusive gingival palatal aspirated voiceless [C].

 H [hah] h  fricative glottal voiceless [H].  

 K [khah] KH fricative glottal voiceless [K].

 d [dal] d  apico-dental occlusive voiced [d] & final devoiced [d.].

 x [thal] z apico-dental fricative gingival sibilant voiced [x].

 r [reh] r fricative post-gingival voiced /r/, and also fricative
           post-gingival vibrant voiced [r].
 
 z [zeh] z fricative gingival sibilant [z]. Final devoiced [z.].

 X [jeh] ZH fricative gingival palatal shibilant voiced [X], final 
            devoiced [X.].

 s [seen] s  fricative gingival sibilant voiceless [s]. 

 j [sheen] SH  fricative gingival palatal shibilant voiceless [J].

 S [sAd] s  fricative gingival sibilant voiceless [S].

 D [DAd] z fricative gingival sibilant [z]. Final devoiced [z.].

 T [tah]  t  apico-dental occlusive aspirated voiceless [t] & final 
 
           devoiced [t.] 
 
 z [zAh or zein] z fricative gingival sibilant [z]. final devoiced [z.]. 

 E [ein] '  glottal occlusive ['].

 G [GHein] GH epiglottal occlusive  voiced (when it is used initial or final)
             or fricative epiglottal voiced (when it is used in the mediate
             place) or
             fricative epiglottal voiceless (when it is used befor the
             voiceless consonants.In this case the pronounciation
             will be like /KH/). This consonant will be shown in two
             different scripts that change the meaning. One is /q/, the    
             other is /G/.
  
 f [feh] f labial dental fricative voiceless [f].
 

 q [GHAf] GH Persian pronounciation of this consonant is the same as [q].
 
             like: /GHadr/ with /q/ = quantity,valiu & /GHadr/ with /GH/ 
             = trick.

 k [kaf] k epiglottal occlusive aspirated voiceless /k/ (befor the frontal
vowels :A,o,u,ow),and also velar occlusive aspirated voiceless /k/(befor
the dorsal vowels: a,e i, or a consonant),or (when it is in the final place
of a word)

 g [gaf] g epiglottal occlusive voiced (befor the frontal vowels: A,o,u,ow)
or palatal occlusive voiced (befor the dorsal vowels: a,e,i), and also
final devoiced [g.]. Never /g/ will be the first member of a cluster.

 l [lam] l apico-dental lateral gingival voiced [l]. It will be devoiced in
the final place [l.].

 m [meem] m nasal bilabial voiced [m]. It will be devoiced in the final
place [m.].
 
 n [noon] n nasal gengival voiced [n]. 

 w [waw] v labial dental fricative voiced [w]. It will be devoiced when it
is final [n.].
 
 h [heh] h fricative glottal voiceless [h]. The Persian pronounciation of
this /h/ is the same as [H]. But they will be shown in two different script
that will change the meaning. For ex: /hur/ [h] = (sun), and /hur/ [Hur] =
( a pretty woman with black eyes ).

 y [yeh or yah] y fricative palatal voiced [y].


E) vowels:

           i [?i]  frontal voiced long /i/.    

           e [?e]  frontal voiced short /e/.

           a [?a]  frontal voiced short /a/.

           A [?aa] dorsal voiced long /A/.
           
           o [?o] dorsal voiced short /o/.

           u [?u] dorsal voiced long /u/ 

	   ow [?ow] dorsal voiced long /ow/.